Yirmidokuzuncu Lem'adan İkinci Bâb/en

(On the phrase: All praise be to God!)

“All praise be to God!”

This short treatise, called the Second Chapter, explains only nine of the countless lights and advantages of belief in God, which make man declare:

In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate.

FIRST POINT

First of all, two things will be pointed out:

1.Philosophy is a pair of dark glasses which shows everything to be ugly and frightful. While belief in God is a transparent, clear, luminous pair of spectacles which shows everything to be beautiful and familiar.

2.Man is connected with all creatures, has a sort of commerce with all things, and by nature is compelled to meet, talk, and be neighbourly with the things that blockade him; so too he possesses six aspects: a left, right, upper, lower, front, and back aspect.

On wearing either of these two pairs of spectacles, man can see the creatures and things present in the aspects mentioned above.

Right Aspect: What is meant by this aspect is the past. When it is looked at through the spectacles of philosophy, what is seen is a vast, dark, terrifying, overturned graveyard, where the doomsday of the land of the past has come to pass. There can be no doubt that this sight casts man into great terror, fear, and despair.

However, when this aspect is looked at through the spectacles of belief, even if the land appears to have been turned upside down, as indeed it has, there has been no loss of life; it is understood that its crew and inhabitants have been transferred to a better world, one full of light. The graves and pits are seen to be underground tunnels, dug to lead to another, light- filled world. That is to say, the joy, relief, confidence, and peace of mind belief gives to man is a Divine bounty which makes him repeat thousands of times over: “All praise be to God!”

Left Aspect: When the future is looked at through the spectacles of philosophy, it appears in the form of a huge, black, terrifying grave which is going to rot us and make us prey to snakes and scorpions which will eliminate us.

But when it is looked at through the spectacles of belief, it is seen in the form of a repast comprising every variety of the finest and most delicious foods and drinks which Almighty God, the Most Merciful and All-Compassionate Creator, has prepared for man. So it makes him repeat many thousands of times: “All praise be to God!”

Upper Aspect: This is the heavens. When a person looks at this aspect through the spectacles of philosophy, he feels an awful terror at the great speed and variety of the motions —like horse races or military manoeuvres— of the millions of stars and heavenly bodies in endless space.

Whereas when a believer looks at them, he sees that just as those strange and wonderful manoeuvres are being carried out under the super- vision of a commander and at his command, so the stars are adorning the world of the heavens and are light-giving lamps for him. As a result he feels not fear and fright at those horses racing, but familiarity and affection. It is surely little to say: “All praise be to God!” thousands of times for the bounty of belief which thus illuminates the world of the heavens.

Lower Aspect: This is the earth. When man looks at this world with the eye of philosophy, he sees it as an untethered, unhaltered animal wandering aimlessly around the sun, or like a holed and captainless boat, and he is carried away by fear and anxiety.

But when he looks with belief, he sees it in the form of a ship of the Most Merciful One ploughing its course around the sun under the command of God Almighty, with all its food, drink, and clothing on board, for the pleasure of mankind. So he starts to declare with great feeling: “All praise be to God!” for this great bounty which springs from belief.

Front Aspect: If a person who indulges in philosophy looks at this aspect, he sees that all living creatures, whether human or animal, are disappearing group by group and with great speed towards it. That is to say, they are going to non-being and ceasing to exist. Since he knows that he too is a traveller on that road, he goes out of his mind with grief.

But for a believer looking with the eye of belief, men journeying to that aspect are not passing to the world of non-existence, they are being transferred from one pasture to another like nomads, and migrating from a transitory realm to an everlasting one, and from a farm of service and labour to the wages office, and from a country of hardship and difficulty to one of plenty and ease. The believer meets this aspect with pleasure and gratitude.

Difficulties which occur on the road like death and the grave are sources of happiness by reason of their results. For the road which leads to the luminous worlds passes through the grave, and the greatest happiness is the result of the worst, most grievous disasters. For example, Joseph (PUH) attained the happiness of being ruler of Egypt only by way of being thrown into the well by his brothers and cast into prison at the slanders of Zulaikha. In the same way, a child coming into the world from his mother’s womb only reaches the happiness of this world as a result of the excruciating, crushing difficulties he experiences on the way.

Back Aspect: That is, since one who looks at those who have remained behind with the view of philosophy can find no answer to the question: “Where have they come from and where are they going, and why did they come to the land of this world?”, he naturally remains in a torment of bewilderment and doubt.

But were he to look through the spectacles of belief, he would understand that men are observers, sent by the Pre-Eternal Sovereign to contemplate and study the wonderful miracles of power displayed in the exhibition of the universe, and that after receiving their marks and ranks in conformity with the degree they have grasped the value and grandeur of those miracles of power and the degree to which the miracles point to the grandeur of the Pre-Eternal Sovereign, men will return to the Sovereign’s realm. So he will say: “All praise be to God!” for the bounty of belief which has given him this bounty.

Since the praise offered in saying: “All praise be to God!” for the bounty of belief, which thus banishes the above-mentioned layers of darkness, is also a bounty, praise should be offered for it too. And praise should be offered a third time for this second bounty of praise, and a fourth time for the third bounty of praise... That is to say, an in- finite chain of praise is born of a single uttering of the phrase: “All praise be to God!”

SECOND POINT

One should say: “All praise be to God!” for the bounty of belief which illuminates these six aspects, for just as since it disperses the darkness of the six aspects, it may be considered a great bounty for the warding off of evil, so too since it illuminates them it may be thought of as a second bounty, for the attraction of benefits. Therefore, since man is by nature civilized, he is connected with all the creatures in the six aspects, and through the bounty of belief has the possibility of benefiting from the six aspects.

Thus, according to a meaning of the verse: Wheresoever you turn, there is the countenance of God,(*) man finds enlightenment in whichever of the six aspects he is found. In fact, someone who is a believer has a life which in effect stretches from the foundation of the world to its end. This life of his receives assistance from the light of a life which extends from pre-eternity to post-eternity.

In the same way, thanks to the belief which illuminates the six aspects, man’s narrow time and space are transformed into a broad and easy world. This extensive world becomes like man’s house, and the past and the future like present time for his spirit and heart. The distance between between them disappears.

THIRD POINT

The fact that belief affords sources of support and assistance necessitates saying: “All praise be to God!”

Yes, because of their impotence and their multitudinous enemies, humankind are in need of a source of support to which they can have recourse to repulse those enemies. Like- wise, because of the abundance of their needs and their extreme poverty, they need a source of assistance from which they may seek help, so that through it they may meet their needs.

O man! Your one and only point of support is belief in God. The only source of assistance for your spirit and conscience is belief in the hereafter. One who does not know of these two sources suffers constant fear in his heart and spirit, and his conscience is perpetually tormented. While the person who seeks support from the first point and help from the second, experiences many pleasures and delights in his heart and spirit, so that he is both consoled, and his conscience is at ease.

FOURTH POINT

Through showing that similar pleasures exist and will be bestowed, the light of belief removes the pain that occurs when lawful pleasures start to fade. Furthermore, through pointing out the source of bounties, it ensures that the bounties continue and do not diminish.

Similarly, through showing the pleasure of renewed acqaintance, it removes the pain of separation and parting. That is to say, while many pains occur at the thought of the passing of a single pleasure, belief removes them by calling to mind the recurrence of the pleasure. In any event there are further pleasures in the renewal of pleasure. If a fruit has no tree, its pleasure is restricted to and ceases on its being eaten, and its ceasing is the cause of sorrow. But if the fruit’s tree is known, there is no pain when the fruit ceases to exist, for there are others to come in its place.

At the same time, renewal is in itself a pleasure. For what troubles the human spirit most are the pains arising from separation. Whereas the light of belief removes those pains through the hope of renewed meeting and the recurrence of similar encounters.

FIFTH POINT

İnsan, şu mevcudattan kendisine düşman ve ecnebi tevehhüm ettiği veya ölüler, yetimler gibi hayatsız, perişan vehmettiği şeyleri nur-u iman, ahbap ve kardeş sıfatıyla gösterir ve hayattar tesbihhan (tesbih eden) şeklinde irae eder.

Yani gaflet ile bakan adam, âlemin mevcudatını düşman gibi muzır telakki ederek tevahhuş eder. Ve eşyayı ecnebiler gibi görür. Çünkü dalalet nazarında mazi ve istikbal zamanlarındaki eşya arasında uhuvvet, kardeşlik rabıtası, bağlanışı yoktur. Ancak zaman-ı halde eşya arasında küçük, cüz’î bir alâka olur. Binaenaleyh ehl-i dalaletin yekdiğerine olan uhuvvetleri, binler senelik uzun bir zamanda bir dakika kadardır.

Ve keza iman nazarı, bütün ecramı hayattar, birbirine ünsiyetli olduklarını görüyor. Ve her bir cirmin lisan-ı haliyle Hâlık’ının tesbihatını yapmakta olduğunu da gösteriyor. İşte bu itibarla bütün ecramın kendilerine göre bir nevi hayat ve ruhları vardır. Binaenaleyh imanın şu görüşüne nazaran o ecramda dehşet, vahşet yoktur. Ünsiyet ve muhabbet vardır.

Dalalet nazarı, matlublarını tahsil etmekten âciz olan insanların sahipsiz, hâmisiz olduklarını telakki eder ve hüzün, keder, aczlerinden dolayı ağlayan yetimler gibi zanneder.

İman nazarı ise canlı mahlukata, ağlar yetimler gibi değil ancak mükellef memur, muvazzaf zâkir ve tesbihhan ibad sıfatıyla bakar.

ALTINCI NOKTA

Nur-u iman, dünya ve âhiret âlemlerini çeşit çeşit nimetlere zarf iki sofra ile tasvir eder ki mü’min olan kimse iman eliyle ve zâhirî, bâtınî duygularıyla ve manevî, ruhî olan letaifiyle o sofralardan istifade ediyor. Dalalet nazarında ise zevi’l-hayatın daire-i istifadesi küçülür, maddî lezzetlere münhasırdır.

İman nazarında, semavat ve arzı ihata eden bir daire kadar tevessü eder. Evet bir mü’min, güneşi kendi hanesinin damında asılmış bir lüküs; kameri bir idare lambası addedebilir. Ve bu itibarla şems, kamer kendisine birer nimet olur. Binaenaleyh mü’min olan zatın daire-i istifadesi semavattan daha geniş olur. Evet, Kur’an-ı Mu’cizü’l-Beyan وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ الشَّم۟سَ وَ ال۟قَمَرَ ۝ وَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم۟ مَا فِى ال۟بَرِّ وَال۟بَح۟رِ âyetlerin belâgatıyla imandan neş’et eden şu hârika ihsanlara, in’amlara işaret ediyor.

YEDİNCİ NOKTA

Nur-u iman ile bilinir ki Allah’ın varlığı, bütün nimetlerin fevkinde öyle büyük bir nimettir ki sonsuz nimetlerin envaını, nihayetsiz ihsanların cinslerini, sayısız atiyyelerin sınıflarını hâvi bir menba ve bir kaynaktır. Binaenaleyh zerrat-ı âlemin adedince iman nimetine hamd ü sena etmek bir borçtur. Risale-i Nur’un eczasında bir kısmına işaretler yapılmıştır. Maahâzâ iman-ı billahtan bahseden Risale-i Nur’un cüzleri, bu nimetten perdeyi kaldırarak gösteriyor.

اَل۟حَم۟دُ لِلّٰهِ lâm-ı istiğrakla işaret ettiği umum hamdler ile hamdedilmesi lâzım olan nimetlerden birisi de rahmaniyet nimetidir. Evet rahmaniyet, zevi’l-hayattan rahmete mazhar olanların sayısınca nimetleri tazammun etmiştir. Çünkü bilhassa insan, her bir zîhayatla alâkadardır. Bu itibarla insan, her zîhayatın saadetiyle saidleşir ve elemleriyle müteessir olur. Öyle ise herhangi bir fertte bulunan bir nimet, arkadaşlarına da bir nimettir.

Ve keza validelerin şefkatleriyle nimetlenen çocukların sayısınca nimetleri tazammun edip ona göre hamdlere, senalara kesb-i istihkak edenlerden birisi de rahîmiyettir. Evet, annesiz aç bir çocuğun ağlamasından müteessir ve acıyan bir vicdan sahibi, elbette validelerin çocuklarına olan şefkatlerinden zevk alır, memnun ve mahzuz olur. İşte bu gibi zevkler birer nimettir, hamd ve şükür isterler.

Ve keza kâinatta mündemic hikmetlerin bütün enva ve efradı adedince hamd ve şükürleri iktiza edenlerden birisi de hakîmiyettir. Zira insanın nefsi, rahmaniyetin cilveleriyle, kalbi de rahîmiyetin tecelliyatıyla nimetlendikleri gibi; insanın aklı da hakîmiyetin letaifiyle zevk alır, telezzüz eder. İşte bu itibarla ağız dolusuyla “Elhamdülillah” söylemekle hamd ü senaları istilzam eder.

Ve keza esma-i hüsnadan “Vâris” isminin tecelliyatı adedince ve babalar gibi usûlün zevalinden sonra bâki kalan füruatın sayısınca ve âlem-i âhiretin mevcudatı adedince ve uhrevî mükâfatları almaya medar olmak üzere hıfzedilen beşerin amelleri sayısınca, sadâsıyla şu fezayı dolduracak kadar büyük bir “Elhamdülillah” ile hamdedilecek hafîziyet nimetidir. Çünkü nimetin devamı, nimetin zatından daha kıymetlidir. Lezzetin bekası, lezzetten daha lezizdir. Cennette devam, cennetin fevkindedir ve hâkeza… Binaenaleyh Cenab-ı Hakk’ın hafîziyeti tazammun ettiği nimetler, bütün kâinatta mevcud bütün nimetlerden daha çok ve daha üstündedir. Bu itibarla ağız dolusu ile bir “Elhamdülillah” ister.

Şu zikredilen dört isme bâki kalan esma-i hüsnayı kıyas et ki her bir isminde sonsuz nimetler bulunduğu için sonsuz hamdleri, şükürleri istilzam ederler.

Ve keza bütün nimet hazinelerini açmak salahiyetinde olan nimet-i imana vesile olan Hazret-i Muhammed aleyhissalâtü vesselâm dahi öyle büyük bir nimettir ki nev-i beşer ile’l-ebed o zatı (asm) medh ü sena etmeye borçludur.

Ve keza maddî ve manevî bütün nimetlerin envaına fihriste ve kaynak olan İslâmiyet ve Kur’an nimeti de gayr-ı mütenahî hamdleri bi’l-istihkak istilzam eder.

SEKİZİNCİ NOKTA

Öyle bir Allah’a hamdolsun ki kâinat ile tabir edilen şu kitab-ı kebir ve onun tefsiri olan Kur’an-ı Azîmüşşan’ın beyanına göre, bütün bablarıyla fasılları ve bütün sahifeleriyle satırları ve bütün kelimatıyla harfleri, o Zat-ı Akdes’e sıfât-ı cemaliye ve kemaliyesini izhar ile hamd ü senahandır.

Şöyle ki: O kitab-ı kebirin her bir nakşı, küçük olsun büyük olsun (karınca kaderince) Vâhid ve Samed olan nakkaşının evsaf-ı celaliyesini izhar ile hamd ü senalar eder.

Ve keza o kitabın her bir yazısı Rahman ve Rahîm olan kâtibinin evsaf-ı cemaliyesini göstermekle senahan oluyor.

Ve keza o kitabın her bir nazmı, kasidesi Kadîr, Alîm olan nâzımını takdis ile tahmid eyler.

Ve keza o kitabın bütün yazıları, noktaları, nakışları, esma-i hüsnanın tecelliyat ve cilvelerine ma’kes ve mazhar olmak cihetiyle o Zat-ı Akdes’i takdis, tahmid, temcid ile senahandır.

DOKUZUNCU NOKTA

(*)
اَل۟حَم۟دُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ بِاللّٰهِ عَلَى اللّٰهِ لِلّٰهِ …

Said Nursî

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